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　　高中英語(yǔ)必修5語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

　　1.English is a widely used language.
　　2.He threw away the broken cup.
　　3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
　　4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
　　單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
　　過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
　　spoken English
　　= English which is spoken
　　terrified people
　　= the people who are terrified
　　an organized way
　　= a way that is organized
　　affected area 災(zāi)區(qū)
　　= the area which is affected
　　stolen culture relics
　　= culture relics that had been stolen
　　the book recommended by the teacher
　　= the book which was recommended by the teacher
　　printed articles
　　= articles that are printed
　　1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定語(yǔ)
　　2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語(yǔ)
　　3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語(yǔ)
　　4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語(yǔ)

Past Participle as the Attribute定語(yǔ)	Past Participle as the Predicative表語(yǔ)
1.terrified people	1.people who are terrified
2.reserved seats	2.seats that are reserved
3.polluted water	3.water that is polluted
4.a crowded room	4.a room that is crowded
5.a pleased winner	5.a winner that is pleased
6. Astonished children	6.children who look astonished
7.a broken vase	7.a vase that is broken
8.a closed door	8.a door that is closed
9.the tired audience	9.the audience who feel tired
10.a trapped animal	10.an animal that is trapped

　　There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
　　= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有許多落葉)
　　Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
　　= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
　　(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒(méi)去過(guò)北京)
　　及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
　　polluted water
　　= water which is polluted
　　reserved seats
　　= the seats which were reserved
　　trapped animal
　　= the animal which was trapped
　　不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。
　　boiled water
　　= water which has boiled
　　fallen leaves
　　= the leaves which have fallen
　　risen sun
　　= the sun which has risen
　　過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
　　The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書(shū)是郭敬明寫(xiě)的，深受青少年的喜愛(ài)。
　　Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒(méi)過(guò)北京.
　　The book _written by the farmer (一本農(nóng)民寫(xiě)的書(shū)) is very popular.
　　The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
　　The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會(huì)議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.
　　The window broken by that naughty boy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
　　The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.
　　The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽(yáng)光下的) got sunburnt.
　　The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的) is now a college student.
　　The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
　　The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說(shuō)的).
　　Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的) were from South Africa.
　　The students inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.
　　The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
　　A. first played B. to be first played
　　C. first playing D. to be first playing
　?、龠^(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。
　?、诂F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。
　?、鄄欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
　　The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。
　　Don’t get so excited. 別這么激動(dòng)。
　　1.用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。
　　2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語(yǔ)。
　?、?The glass is broken.
　　The glass was broken by Tom.
　?、?The windows are closed.
　　The windows are closed by Jack.
　　3.表示“感覺(jué)流露”的一些過(guò)去分詞(如:interested,
　　surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過(guò)去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語(yǔ),表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無(wú)被動(dòng)意味。
　?、?How did the audience receive the new play?
　　They got very excited.
　　② How did Bob do in the exams this time?
　　Well, his father seems pleased with his results.
　?、?She was very disappointed to hear the result.
　　④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
　　作表語(yǔ)練習(xí)：
　　Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
　　A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
　　該題考查分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.
　　1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
　　A. painted B. painting
　　C. being painted D. to be painted
　　2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
　　A. was losing B. got losing
　　C. grew lost D. got lost
　　3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents
　　are _____ him.
　　A. disappointing; disappointed at
　　B. disappointing; disappointed about
　　C. disappointing; disappointed with
　　D. disappointed; disappointing by
　　現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
　　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義.
　　現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成.
　　a moving movie 　 感人的電影
　　a moved audience　 被感動(dòng)的觀眾
　　boiling water　 正在燒(煮沸)的水
　　boiled water　　 已煮沸的水
　　developing countries 反展中國(guó)家
　　developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
　　falling leaves 落葉(正在進(jìn)行)
　　fallen leaves 落葉(已經(jīng)完成)
　　The child standing over there is my brother.
　　The room facing south is our classroom.
　　The book written by Lu Xun is very good.
　　The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.