英語(yǔ)六級(jí)說明文的寫作方法

　　寫作能較全面地反映一個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言水平，故在四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試中占有重要的地位。從現(xiàn)在學(xué)生掌握的單詞量和所接受的閱讀訓(xùn)練來(lái)說，六級(jí)作文并不難，但有些學(xué)生就是寫不好、成績(jī)不佳，甚至連八分段也未能進(jìn)入。究其原因，筆者認(rèn)為有以下幾個(gè)方面的因素：

　　英語(yǔ)六級(jí)說明文的寫作方法

　　首先談?wù)務(wù)f明文的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　和所有其它文章一樣，這種文章也由三部分組成，即開頭段、主題段、結(jié)論段。它的特點(diǎn)是往往以一個(gè)社會(huì)問題或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象開頭，中間部分分析原因、列舉影響或危害，最后提出解決問題的建議或者展望未來(lái)。即使規(guī)定的文章提綱沒有這樣要求，我們最好也要按照這種程序來(lái)展開文章。如1998.1月My View on Fake Commodities 按提綱第一段就寫假冒偽劣商品的危害，這樣顯然不符合一般文章的思路，會(huì)不倫不類。如果在這之前增加一個(gè)引言段，即假冒偽劣商品在中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題，文章看起來(lái)就舒服得多。03.12月六級(jí)作文Reduce Waste on Campus沒有要求分析原因，但我們完全可以增加對(duì)原因的簡(jiǎn)單分析。2003.1 It Pays to Be Honest在主體部分要求寫誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己、怎樣做到誠(chéng)實(shí)，這種提綱顯然也不合適。至少需要把“怎樣做到誠(chéng)實(shí)”放到最后一部分作為建議段。另外，由第一部分“有很多不誠(chéng)實(shí)現(xiàn)象”馬上轉(zhuǎn)到“誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己”也嫌突兀，需要在這中間討論不誠(chéng)實(shí)的原因和危害，然后再用by comparison或類似聯(lián)結(jié)詞過渡到誠(chéng)實(shí)的好處就會(huì)比較自然。

　　再來(lái)討論說明文的開頭方法。

　　說明文以背景介紹法最為常見。背景介紹法就是從談?wù)撛掝}的相關(guān)背景開始，從而給讀者一種心理準(zhǔn)備，很自然的導(dǎo)入對(duì)話題的討論。這種方法一般以Nowadays, with the development of society, sth has become increasingly serious 等開頭，常見用詞還有：common, popular, prevalent, rampant 等。

　　還可以用數(shù)據(jù)法開頭，即用具體的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)引出要談?wù)摰脑掝}。這樣的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)讓讀者覺得很有說服力。但考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)我們一般難以找到準(zhǔn)確的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，所以02.6月“大學(xué)生使用電腦”之類的文章就是讓我們通過對(duì)圖表中具體數(shù)據(jù)的描述來(lái)展開文章。很多同學(xué)總覺得圖表作文難寫。其實(shí)這類文章的開頭高度模式化，常見語(yǔ)言由As can be revealed from the table 等。

　　這類文章還可以用場(chǎng)景描寫開頭。但一般沒有固定模式，需要作者根據(jù)具體話題設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，然后用精彩的語(yǔ)言將這個(gè)場(chǎng)景苗栩栩如生地描繪出來(lái)，讓讀者如臨其境，從而產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的閱讀欲望。如我在一篇文章中為考生設(shè)計(jì)的“誠(chéng)信危機(jī)”的開頭

　　Customers falling victims of false commercials; patients losing lives for the effect of shoddy medicines; students caught cheating in exams; scholars found plagiarizing in their writings published. All these are nothing new. What’s alarming is that these phenomena are on the rise these days.(description)(下面可列舉原因)

　　當(dāng)然還有很多其他開頭方法，在此不一一贅述。至于主體和結(jié)尾部分，這種文章的寫作模式化也很強(qiáng)。下面就這次考試的題目給大家提供一篇文章供大家參照：

　　Nowadays, it is known to all that China has become a place of rampant pirated products: pirated CDs, pirated VCDs, pirated DVDs, pirated books… They are available everywhere and we are so accustomed to the phenomenon that we won’t feel it strange to see pirated copies of the latest movies even before they are on shown in theatres.

　　The reasons for the phenomenon, which are obvious to all, can be listed as follows:

　　First of all, the price of the products that are pirated is too high that most people cannot afford it. Second, the price of the pirated products is much lower and, in some cases, the pirated product doesn’t necessarily mean low quality. Also playing a part is the local government. Some officials give top priority to economy. They will tolerate, or even encourage, anything so long it can bring them financial income.

　　But the pirated products really do much harm. First, they infringe intellectual property rights. Second, they offend against the rules of the market. As a result of piracy, companies investing in invention will inevitably run bankruptcy and our society will stop where it is. No advance. No progress.

　　In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken: for one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the harm of piracy; for another, the government should issue strict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control.