英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八翻譯中常用修辭手法

　　9.Euphemism委婉,婉辭法

　　婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話(huà).

　　例如:

　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽.

　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)

　　10.Allegory諷喻,比方（原意“寓言”）

　　建立在假借過(guò)去或別處的事例與對(duì)象之上，傳達(dá)暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。

　　英文解釋?zhuān)篴n expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subjectby suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程》一書(shū)

　　這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個(gè)方式的說(shuō)法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.

　　例如:

　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

　　表層含義：趁著出太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候曬草

　　真正意味：趁熱打鐵

　　2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

　　表層含義：是時(shí)候把犁變成劍

　　11.Irony反語(yǔ)

　　反語(yǔ)指用相反意義的詞來(lái)表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過(guò)失.錯(cuò)誤時(shí),用贊同過(guò)失的說(shuō)法,而在表?yè)P(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說(shuō)法.

　　例如:

　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

　　早上沒(méi)有時(shí)間觀(guān)念還真是一件好事啊(真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀(guān)念)

　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

　　12.Pun雙關(guān)

　　雙關(guān)就是用一個(gè)詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).

　　例如:

　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

　　13.Parody仿擬

　　這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語(yǔ),改動(dòng)其中部分詞語(yǔ),從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.

　　例如:

　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address ofit.

　　14.Rhetoricalquestion修辭疑問(wèn)（反問(wèn)）

　　它與疑問(wèn)句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問(wèn)為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點(diǎn)是:肯定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈否定,而否定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

　　例如:

　　1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

　　15.Antithesis對(duì)照,對(duì)比,對(duì)偶

　　這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語(yǔ)句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法.

　　例如:

　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.

　　2>.You are staying; I am going.

　　3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.

　　16.Paradox雋語(yǔ)

　　這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)法,是一種矛盾修辭法..

　　例如:

　　1>.More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)

　　2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年時(shí)代可決定人之未來(lái))三歲看大，四歲看老。

　　17.Oxymoron反意法,逆喻

　　這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調(diào)和的特征形容一個(gè)事物,以不協(xié)調(diào)的搭配使讀者領(lǐng)悟句中微妙的含義.

　　例如:

　　1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.沒(méi)有光亮，黑暗卻清晰可見(jiàn)

　　2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.

　　18.Climax漸進(jìn)法,層進(jìn)法

　　這種修辭是將一系列詞語(yǔ)按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進(jìn),最后達(dá)到頂點(diǎn).可以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),逐漸加深讀者印象.

　　例如:

　　1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.

　　2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.

　　19.Anticlimax漸降法

　　與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語(yǔ)由大到小,由強(qiáng)到弱地排列.

　　例如:

　　1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.

　　2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.