托?？谡Z評分標準解析_從零開始
托?？谡Z歷來是托?？荚囍械碾y項，但知己知彼，就能百戰(zhàn)不殆。為了幫助備考托福的同學(xué)們從了解到掌握，今天，我們將開啟托?？谡Z系列的評分標準講解，小編帶你從零開始學(xué)懂托?？谡Z!
托?？谡Z評分標準解析|從零開始
相信學(xué)習(xí)過托福的同學(xué)都知道托?？谡Z部分總共有6個任務(wù)，單項總分為30分。那么這30分是怎么評出來的呢?rater會根據(jù)考生的回答打出0-4分的原始分數(shù)，注意rater打出的分數(shù)均為整數(shù)，不存在3.4、2.6等小數(shù)，六道題目的分數(shù)加總后求出平均分，再根據(jù)以下分數(shù)換算表進行一定的轉(zhuǎn)換得到最終的分數(shù)。
在講解具體每一個分數(shù)的具體要求前我們先來回顧一下托?？谡Z評分標準三大維度，它們分別是delivery、language use 以及topic development。我們來看一下官方指南上對于這三點的解釋。
01 Delivery
Delivery ：How clear your speech is. Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural-sounding intonation patterns
語言表達：考生是否能做到清晰的表達，好的表達應(yīng)該流暢清晰、發(fā)音正確、語速適中、語音語調(diào)自然。
02 Language use
Language use：How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas. Raters will be listening for how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.
語言運用：考生是否能有效使用英文語法和詞匯來表達自己的觀點。評分人會考察考生能否熟練運用簡單和復(fù)雜的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和恰當?shù)脑~匯。
03Topic development
Topic development：How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.
話題發(fā)展：考生是否能完成命題所要求的所有任務(wù)，表達是否連冠一致。好的表達應(yīng)該在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成，并且能夠讓評分人很容易聽出各個觀點之間的關(guān)系和思路之間的銜接。
搞清楚三大評分維度之后，我們快來看一下ets給出的托福獨立口語四分評分標準的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
回答概述：回答滿足了任務(wù)的要求。允許考生在答題過程中出現(xiàn)一些小錯誤?；卮鹎逦髁瞬⑶疫B貫流暢。
這一分數(shù)的回答具有以下列出的所有特點：
語言表達：總體上語速適中，語言清晰流暢。存在一些小的失誤或發(fā)音和語調(diào)上的小問題。但是并不影響整體的可理解性。
語言使用：回答顯示考生能夠有效地運用語法和詞匯，回答存在較高程度的自主性并且能夠很好地掌握基本和復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。回答允許出現(xiàn)一些明顯的小錯誤，但不會混淆意思。
話題發(fā)展：回答一直在持續(xù)并且充分滿足了題目要求?？傮w上話題展開比較充分而且具有連貫性。論點之間的關(guān)系清楚明了。
我們將以上內(nèi)容做一總結(jié)：
由此可見四分回答也并不是完美無暇的，高分回答也可能會犯一些小錯誤，只要不影響整體回答的完整性和可理解性即可。下面我們來看一道例題幫助大家更好的理解評分標準。
Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Sample 1
I think the better policy is to make student live in the dorm, because the first year student live in the dorm...because I think they can be safer first, because they are from...most are come from other town, so they don’t really know the environment. so...I think it safer. huh...Moreover I think they can make friends in the dorm so they can have good relationship to know on the...on the university’s...is...I mean...they know better the environment. Especially they don’t have cars...
Sample 2
Um... I think it’s better for the first- year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Main reason because they are new to the city and it’s safer for them to live on campus where there’s more security. Because they don’t know much about the city in the first place. Uh... Second of all, it helps them to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also helps them to meet new people. Living in the dorm encourages friendships with people who you might not...um...seem very comfortable with first time. And it helps to meet new people, it helps to doing with the seniors if any live in the dorm.
老師給大家兩個sample responses，為了方便理解也給出了兩個回答的文本，大家理解后可以自己判定一下如果你是rater，你會給這兩個答案給多少分?哪一個更符合我們四分的評分標準?
托福口語評分標準解析|實例詳解
hi guys, this is Jiarui, today we’re gonna continue to talk about scoring rubrics of toefl speaking section. 今天依舊是由我來給大家講解托?？谡Z評分標準，之前的內(nèi)容中我們主要講解了托?？谡Z評分三大維度以及四分評分標準的具體內(nèi)容【參考閱讀：托福口語評分標準解析|從零開始】，不知道大家還記不記得老師上節(jié)課給大家留了一個小小的任務(wù)，判斷一下以下這兩個sample responses哪一個是滿分回答?
題目：
Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
sample 1
I think the better policy is to make student live in the dorm, because the first year student live in the dorm, because I think they can be safer first, because they are from most of them are come from other town, so they don’t really know the environment. so I think it safer. huh, moreover I think they can make friends in the dorm so they can have a good relationship to know on the, on the university’s is, the goal I mean, they know better the environment. Especially they don’t have cars.
sample 2
I think it’s better for the first year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Main reason because they are new to the city and it safer for them to live on campus where there’s more security. Because they don’t know much about the city in the first place. Second of all, it helps them to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also helps them to meet new people. Living in the dorm encourages friendships with people who you might not seem very comfortable with first time. And it helps to meet new people, it helps to interact with the seniors if any live in your dorm.
現(xiàn)在來公布正確答案，sample 2是滿分回答，不知道大家有沒有回答正確呢?
我們來分析一下為什么能夠拿到4分
01 Delivery
雖然有一些口音，但是整體清晰流暢，連貫性好，發(fā)音不錯，很容易讓人聽懂speaker表達的內(nèi)容。
02 Language use
詞匯使用恰當，語法能夠準確表達觀點，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整并且具有一定的多樣性。
03 Topic development
答案結(jié)構(gòu)完整，考生能夠恰當?shù)鼗卮鹆藛栴}，并且有一定的細節(jié)來支撐自己的觀點。
以上三點均能滿足，所以sample 2為滿分回答。
那么大家可以猜測一下sample response1是多少分呢?
Sample 1在實際考試中拿到了3分，在講解為什么這個回答是三分之前，我們還是先來學(xué)習(xí)一下ets 給出的3分評分標準的具體內(nèi)容, 判斷一下sample 1是否滿足我們3分評分細則。
回答概述
回答能夠恰當?shù)赝瓿深}目，但是缺乏充分的細節(jié)展開?；卮鸫篌w上清晰明了、邏輯連貫，但是在表達論點上有一些明顯的失誤。這一分數(shù)的回答至少包括右邊所列的兩個特點：
語言表達
回答總體清晰流暢，但是發(fā)音、語調(diào)或語速上存在一些小錯誤，聽者需要時不時地努力去聽才能理解。(盡管并沒有嚴重地影響回答的清晰度)
語言運用
回答顯示考生基本能夠有效自主地使用語法和詞匯，并連貫地表達相關(guān)論點?；卮鸫嬖谝恍┎粶蚀_的用詞或錯誤的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，并且句式多樣性也很有限。這或許影響總體的流利性，但是并不會嚴重地影響信息的表達。
話題發(fā)展
回答總體上持續(xù)連貫，并表達了相關(guān)論點和信息。但是論點展開受限，通常缺乏對論點的充分展開和具體的細節(jié)，論點之間的關(guān)系有時不清楚。
Sample 1
01 Delivery
有一些發(fā)音上的小錯誤，回答停頓處稍多，但基本不影響整體理解
02 Language use
有一定的語法錯誤，詞匯和句式稍受限，但基本不影響理解
03 Topic development
答案結(jié)構(gòu)較為完整，回答了問題，并給出了一定的理由，但是缺乏細節(jié)支撐
由此可見sample response 1是滿足3分評分標準的。雖然不是滿分也有一定的缺陷，但也是一個不錯的成績，因為如果我們在speaking section中的6道題都能拿到3分，最后的口語總分也有23分。
希望今天講解完這兩個口語回答后，大家能對3分和4分評分標準有更深入的了解，并且對我們獨立口語也要充滿信心，因為滿分回答也不是完美無暇的，拿到3分也是比較容易的 只要我們answer the question給出你的答案，keep talking 說滿45秒，基本就有三分，如果想拿4分的話 give realated details。
托福口語范文：描述中你喜歡的文學(xué)藝術(shù)角色
托?？谡Z題目：
Describe a character in a book, film, or poem, explain why you like him or her. Please use specific details.
托?？谡Z參考答案：
I would like to talk about the main character in movie Forest Gump. Actually, the movie stars Tom hanks. This movies won many Oscar awards and it is regarded as one of the greatest movies of all times. Forest Gump is a simple minded person, and he only got an IQ of 75, which is way below average. Despite of the setback, he is actually a very optimistic person, as can be show in the catchphrase, My momma always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get. The movie depicts a period span 30 years, and in these many years, Forest Gump achieved fame and financial success, of course, it is not possible for him to achieve that without his determination, willpower and perseverance.
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